All living things were traditionally placed into one of two groups, plants and animals
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyta (land plants). The latter includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, and mosses.
Most plants are multicellular organisms. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight lewat photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green warna. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize, but still have flowers, fruits, and seeds. Plants are characterized by sexual reproduction and alternation of generations, however asexual reproduction is also common.
There are about 320,000 known species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260,000-290,000, produce seeds.[5] Green plants provide a substantial proportion of the world's molecular oxygen,[6] and are the pangkal of most of Earth's ecosystems. Plants that produce grain, fruit, and vegetables also form basic human foods and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses, as ornamentts, building materials, writing material and, in great variety, they have been the source of medicines and psychoactive drugs. The scientific studi of plants is known as botany, a branch of biology.
All living things were traditionally placed into one of two kelompoks, plants and animals. This classification may date from Aristotle (384-322 BCE), who made the distinction between plants, which generally do not move, and animals, which often are mobile to catch their food. Much later, when Linnaeus (1707-1778) created the pangkal of the kekinian sistim of scientific classification, these two kelompoks became the kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Metaphyta or Plantae) and Animalia (also called Metazoa). Since then, it has become clear that the plant kingdom as originally defined included several unrelated kelompoks, and the fungi and several kelompoks of algae were removed to new kingdoms. However, these organisms are still sometimes considered plants, particularly in tidak resmi contexts.[citation needed]
